| Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library |
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| Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library |
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On this page there are both Specialized Writing Systems and Simplified Languages.
Specialized writing systems are those developed for a specific purpose in addition to simple written communication. Reasons for inventing such writing systems include attempts to write faster, secrecy, and efforts to simplify the process of learning to read. Codes and ciphers also fall into this category but are outside the scope of this work. Specialized Writing Systems
updated 10-24-2001 "Deseret Characters" is the name given to a script used by the Mormons to write the Latin alphabet. It was invented in the late 1800's, apparently intended to be a script known only to them. Several primers were printed, but it apparently did not catch on. Q Dedera, D 917.91 "Buzzwards in the beehive : the alphabet of A719 Deseret." - IN Arizona highways (Aug. 1997) v. 73 RID: --- ITEM #: des00003 421.52 University of Utah U58d The Deseret first book. - Salt Lake City, 1868 1st Spl. Coll. RID: 17-20123 ITEM #: des00001 421.52 University of Utah U58d The Deseret second book. - Salt Lake City, 1868 2nd Spl. Coll. RID: 17-20122 ITEM #: des00002 Deseret Characters
updated 8-18-2004 Gregg Computer Shorthand is a method of fast writing using the spelling and abbreviations of Gregg Shorthand while typing on the computer keyboard. Thus, it requires a knowledge of Gregg Shorthand. 653.427 Instructor's manual and key for Gregg computer shorthand GRE for shorthand and nonshorthand writers. -- New York : Gregg Division, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1987 RID: --- ITEM #: gcs00001 Gregg Computer Shorthand
updated 10-22-2001 Gregg shorthand was invented by John Robert Gregg, as a way to write faster, such as taking notes as a secretary from dictation; it has been used in a number of situations requiring very rapid writing. It differs enough from standard Latin alphabet script that it must be learned separately; some sounds are not even spelled the same way. It has also undergone several revisions since its invention, with the result that someone who has studied one version may have trouble reading another. There are also Gregg shorthands for other languages, notably Spanish, but they are totally different. 653 Blanchard, Clyde Insley B639t Twenty shortcuts to shorthand speed RID: 39-22878 ITEM #: shr00005 Q Brewington, Ann 653.07 Lesson plans for teaching Gregg shorthand by the B847L direct method. - New York : RID: --- ITEM #: shr00009 653.09 Glatte, Hans G549s Shorthand systems of the world. - New York : RID: 59-16214 ITEM #: shr0011 653 Gregg, John Robert, 1867- G819g Gregg shorthand. - New York : RID: 29-11022 ITEM #: shr00006 653.07 Gregg, John Robert, 1867-1948 G819gre Gregg shorthand manual simplified / by John Robert 1955 Gregg, Louis A. Leslie, and Charles E. Zoubek. -- 2nd ed.-New York : Gregg Pub. Division, McGraw-Hill, 1955. RID: 54-12669 ITEM #: shr00001 653 Gregg, John Robert, 1867- G819r A refresher course in Gregg shorthand. - New York : RID: 43-1244 ITEM #: shr00007 653.07 Lamb, Marion Minerva, 1905- L218y Your first year of teaching shorthand and transcription. 1961 -- Cincinnati : RID: 61-8599 ITEM #: shr00010 653.07 Leslie, Louis A., 1900- L635gtr Gregg transcription / Louis A. Leslie, Charles E. Zoubek. -- New York : McGraw-Hill, 1963. RID: 62-22090 ITEM #: shr00002 653 New York. Public Library X The shorthand collection in the New York public N532s library. - New York : RID: 35-17963 ITEM #: shr00008 653.427 Sabin, William A S116g The Gregg reference manual. - 5th ed. - New 1977 York : Gregg Division/McGraw Hill, 1977 RID: 76-53730 ITEM #: shr00003 651.374105 Today's secretary. - New York : T633 RID: 50-52904 ITEM #: shr00004 Gregg Shorthand
updated 12-19-2003 The initial teaching alphabet, also abbreviated i.t.a., is an alphabet with 44 characters, some familiar from the Latin alphabet, some borrowed from the International Phonetic Alphabet, and others designed particularly for this special alphabet. It was invented by Sir James Pitman, who originally called it the "Augmented Roman Alphabet." The intent is to aid in teaching reading of the English language, by providing an alphabet in which each symbol has only one sound. At the same time, the additional symbols need to closely resemble those of the Latin alphabet so that switching to reading regular English is not too difficult. Most educators who favor this approach suggest beginning reading instruction with the initial teaching alphabet, then switching students to the regular Latin alphabet in third grade; some suggest making the switch late in first grade. Other systems created with a similar purpose include E. Fry's "Diacritical Marking System", C. Gattegno's "Words in Colour" Program, J. K. Jones' "Colour Story Reading," and Professor Wijk's "Regularized Inglish." LEXAU Lexau, Joan M. Children's Olaf reads. -- Initial teaching alphabet ed. -- Collection New York : Scholastic Book Services, 1961 RID: --- ITEM #: int00001 372.41 Sceats, John S289i I. t. a. and the teaching of literacy. -- New York : Pitman Pub. Corp., 1968 RID: --- ITEM #: int00002 372.41 Warburton, Francis William W254i i.t.a. : an independent evaluation / F.W. Warburton, Vera Southgate. -- London : J. Murray, 1969 RID: 79-442967 ITEM #: int00003 initial teaching alphabet
updated 10-24-2001 The International Phonetic Alphabet (frequently called IPA) has a variety of uses. It may be used to compare the sounds of 2 languages; it is useful in teaching pronunciation of a foreign language - both for language students and for singers; it has also been used to write previously-unwritten languages. Basically, it is many of the consonants from the Latin alphabet, with a number of additional symbols. The International Phonetic Alphabet arose from a desire to accurately represent all sounds, which no other alphabet does. For several centuries, language scholars had felt the need for an international alphabet that would represent the same sounds regardless of language and regardless of how a sound might be spelled in a given language. Various alphabets containing both familiar letters and some unfamiliar to students of Latin were devised in the 1800's. In 1889 the first alphabet called the "International Phonetic Alphabet" was accepted by the International Phonetic Association. It was revised into its present form in 1947. 783.043 Adams, David, 1950- A2117h A handbook of diction for singers : Italian, German, French. - [S.l.] : Oxford University Press, 1999 RID: 98-12204 ITEM #: ipa00002 572.06 Albright, Robert William I39p The international phonetic alphabet : its background no. 7 and development. - Bloomington : Indiana University, 1958 RID: wln88-170829 ITEM #: ipa00009 781.043 Castel, Nico C348s A singer's manual of Spanish lyric diction. - New York : Excalibur Pub., 1994 RID: 94-6333 ITEM #: gua00001 784.93 Coffin, Berton C675p Phonetic readings of songs and arias. - Boulder, Colo. : Pruett Press, 1964 Includes Italian, German, and French lyrics. RID: 64-11372 ITEM #: ipa00007 421.54 Colaianni, Louis C683j The joy of phonetics and accents. - [S.l.] : Drama Book Publishers, 1994 RID: 94-31863 ITEM #: ipa00003 783.043 Debussy, Claude, 1862-1918 D289ab.Er [Songs. Texts. English & French] The singer's Debussy / edited, with introductions and translations, by Marie-Claire Rohinsky. - New York : Pelion Pres, 1987 RID: 85-12368 ITEM #: fre03563 782.42168 Draayer, Suzanne Rhodes, 1952- R6961Zd A singer's guide to the songs of Joaquin Rodrigo. -- [S.l.] : Scarecrow Press, 1999 RID: 99-31780 ITEM #: lad00009 780.944 Gartside, Robert R252Zg Interpreting the songs of Maurice Ravel. - Geneseo, N.Y. : Leyerle Publications, 1992 Includes song texts in French, Greek, Hebrew, and Yiddish. RID: --- ITEM #: heb00098 428.007 Learner English / edited by Michael Swan and Bernard L438 Smith. - Cambridge, [Cambridgeshire] : Cambridge University Press, 1987 RID: 86-24482 ITEM #: dut00123 783 McKinney, James C M158d The diagnosis & correction of vocal faults. - Nashville, Tenn. : Genevox Music Group, 1994 RID: --- ITEM #: ipa00004 783.00285 Nair, Garyth N158v Voice tradition and technology. - [S.l.] : Singular Pub. Group, 1999 RID: 99-16180 ITEM #: ipa00005 421.5 Richards, Regina G R517p Programmed phonemics. - Rowley, Mass. : Newbury House, 1972 Uses a modified international phonetic alphabet. RID: wln86-1624 ITEM #: ipa00008 783.043 Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856 S392ab.Er [Songs. Texts. English & German. Selections] The singer's Schumann / edited, with introductions and translations by Thilo Reinhard. - New York : Pelion Press, 1989 RID: 88-28387 ITEM #: ipa00006 783.043 The singer's anthology of 20th century Spanish songs / S617 edited, with introductions and translations by Josep Miquel Sobrer and Edmon Colomer. - New York : Pelion Press, 1987 RID: 88-214918 ITEM #: cat00061 783 Wall, Joan W187i International phonetic alphabet for singers. -- Dallas, TX : RID: wln90-154294 ITEM #: ipa00001 International Phonetic Alphabet
updated 10-30-2001 Runes, or runic alphabetic characters, were in general use by the Germanic peoples from about the third century A.D. until the close of the Viking Age. The alphabet is often called "futhark" from the first 6 letters ("th" is one letter). The Anglo-Saxon runic alphabet consisted of 24 letters, while later variants, especially among the Norse, had less, often only 16. Nevertheless, they were able to represent all the sounds of their language, sometimes by using the same symbol for several similar sounds. As other alphabets grew in popularity, with a corres- ponding decline in the knowledge of runes, the latter were used as magic signs as well as for writing secret messages. In England, the use of runes predated the Latin alphabet. Inscriptions on stones often employed runes; runestones have been discovered in the British Isles as well as in Scandinavia. 302.222 Bruce-Mitford, Miranda B887i The illustrated book of signs & symbols. - [S.l.] : DK Pub., 1996 Includes Norse runes. RID: 96-216700 ITEM #: heb00095 133.430902 Burnett, Charles B9644m Magic and divination in the Middle Ages. - [S.l.] : Variorum, 1996 RID: 96-30650 ITEM #: ara00051 936.4 Dillon, Myles, 1900-1972 D579c The Celtic realms / by Myles Dillon and Nora K. Chadwick. - New York : New American Library, 1967 RID: 67-15326 ITEM #: wel00014 429.17 Elliott, Ralph Warren Victor E46r Runes RID: 60-236 ITEM #: rne00001 439.617 Monge, Alf M743n Norse medieval crytography ... RID: 67-20944 ITEM #: rne00002 439.617 Thompson, Claiborne W., 1940- T469s Studies in Upplandic runography RID: 74-22284 ITEM #: rne00003 Runes
updated 8-18-2004 Stenoscript is a variety of shorthand. It is also called A-B-C Shorthand, and Stenoscript ABC. 653 Avancena, Manuel C AVA A-b-c shorthand : Stenoscript. -- Revisions 1965 by Glenn J. Baldwin. -- Bethesda, Md. : Stenoscript ABC Shorthand, 1965 RID: --- ITEM #: stn00001 Stenoscript
updated 11-17-2005 Tachygraphy, also called Short-writing, is a system of abbreviated writing with the purpose being to enable the user to write faster. Modern tachygraphy (used in the 17th century) consists of quickly-written symbols for each alphabetic letter plus symbols for combinations of letters such as diphthongs and prefixes, and also for whole words and phrases, as well as other methods of abbreviating such as omitting unheard vowels. This system was used by Samuel Pepys as he wrote his famous Diary. Historically, the word has been applied to various systems of shortened writing, including systems used by the ancient Greeks and Romans as well as an abbreviated form of Latin and Greek used in the Middle Ages. The term has also been used sometimes to mean shorthand, or stenography, and - particularly in paleography - to refer to cursive writing. 653.421 Shelton, Thomas, fl. 1612-1620 S545t A tutor to Tachygraphy, or, Short-writing. -- Los Angeles : William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, University of California, 1970. Includes an explanation, Shelton's work, and some sample pages from Pepys' Diary. RID: 76-636241 ITEM #: tac00001 Tachygraphy
updated 2-9-2007 Visible Speech is an alphabet invented by Alexander Melville Bell (father of Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the telephone). Another attempt to create a phonetic system of writing for English, it was intended to more clearly indicate pronunciation than the Latin alphabet does for English, but most of its symbols are unfamiliar to readers of ordinary English, so it was difficult to learn as well as costly to print, and did not catch on well. Essentially, the symbols are tiny diagrams of the vocal organs in position for pronouncing the various sounds. Henry Sweet (1845-1912) used Visible Speech. 421.54 Colaianni, Louis C683j The joy of phonetics and accents. -- S.l. : Drama Book Publishers, 1994 RID: 94-31863 ITEM #: ipa00003 Visible Speech
updated 2-9-2007 Wilkin's Phonetic Characters were invented in 1668 by John Wilkins, apparently as an attempt to write English phonetically. This was a syllabic system of writing, and used some characters which resemble letters of the Latin alphabet, but also many other symbols. Like other attempts to write English phonetically, it was not popularly received. 421.54 Colaianni, Louis C683j The joy of phonetics and accents. -- S.l. : Drama Book Publishers, 1994 Contains the Lord's Prayer in Wilkin's Phonetic Characters. RID: 94-31863 ITEM #: ipa00003 Wilkin's Phonetic Characters
Simplified languages are those developed either for new readers, often those whose native language is different, or for those who need a more simple form of their language for reasons of disability. Some deaf persons use Basic English, since it requires learning less English words. Religious groups sometimes seek to convey their message more simply, to reach a wider audience.
updated 1-14-2002 Basic English was designed by C. K. Ogden between 1926 and 1930. It was based on the premise that only 850 words were necessary for general communication in English. Although it received a strong boost from both Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt in 1943, yet the war stymied its growth. One problem with Basic English is that there are many meanings for many of its words. 503 Graham, Elsie Challand, 1896- , ed. G738b The Basic dictionary of science. - New York : RID: 66-15023 ITEM #: enb00004 499.99 Hankes, Elmer Joseph, 1913- H241u A universal second language. -- Minneapolis, Minn. : Hankes Foundation, 1992. Has a chapter on Basic English. RID: wln92-470845 ITEM #: ehm00001 423 Ogden, Charles Kay, 1889- O34g The general Basic English dictionary Ref. RID: wln82-145676 ITEM #: enb00001 408.9 Ogden, Charles Kay, 1889- O34s The system of Basic English RID: 34-5202 ITEM #: enb00002 428.25 Richards, Ivor Armstrong, 1893- R515b Basic English and its uses RID: 44-5408 ITEM #: enb00003 Basic English
This page was last updated on 2-9-2007.
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