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Six Major Steps to Successful Research

Step 1: Topic Selection
1. Choose and define a topic
2. Gather background information
3. Focus the topic
4. Write a thesis statement
5. Example
6. Assignment

A. Choose and Define a Topic

Most academic research papers are written for a specific class assignment and topics relate to the subject area of the class. Within this framework, it is wise to select a topic of personal interest to help sustain enthusiasm for the project.

To generate topic ideas, try some or all of the following:

• browse class textbooks and handouts;
• review lecture notes;
• discuss options with the professor;
• discuss ideas with a reference librarian;
• identify and browse recent journals in the subject area.

B. Gather Background Information

Once a general topic has been identified, begin gathering background information and compile an overview of the topic. The purpose of this stage of research is to identify a focus for the research paper and to determine where to locate more in-depth information.

Subject encyclopedias and dictionaries, yearbooks, and other reference resources frequently provide background, history, and current developments in broad subject areas. Reference librarians can identify key titles within the reference collection for appropriate background searches. During this process, record keywords and basic concepts identified in this information overview.

C. Focus the Topic

A well-focused topic will help develop a well-organized research paper. If the topic is too broad, it is difficult to write a strong thesis statement and difficult to defend it in an organized way. So much information may also be found on a broad topic that it is difficult to synthesize it in the scope of a single research paper. In contrast, if a topic is too narrow or too recent, a lack of information may well limit the ability to develop a strong paper.

To focus a topic, consider the variables. Describe the topic source and impacts. Consider different points of view from which to approach the topic. Identify the different disciplines that are affected by the topic. Identify a specific time period to be addressed.

D. Write a Thesis Statement

In addition to collecting and summarizing already published information about a topic, a good research paper also defends the ideas stated in the thesis statement. Using the information gathered while focusing the topic, develop a thesis statement that clearly expresses the identified variables, generates potential solutions or evaluative criteria, and renders an acceptable framework for investigating the topic.

Parts of the thesis statement might be proved or disproved based on statistics and information found. Other parts of the thesis statement might require the development of a rational argument built on the presentation of information that supports the point of view presented.

E. Example:

• General topic: copyright and the World Wide Web.
• General review of encylopedias and handbooks.
• Topic focus: Musicians and web piracy.
• Thesis statement: The ability of users of the World Wide Web to download music is very similar to the ability of television and radio listeners to tape and record music and requires no new legislation for legal compliance.

NOTE: Library research is a dynamic process of discovery about a specific topic. The thesis statement provides a guide to the research process and may also need to be revised based on findings during information gathering.

F. Assignment #1

Using the guidelines provided in this section on topic selection, write a thesis statement for a research paper. The topic of this thesis statement will be the focus of your research and bibliography development for this online class. Choose wisely! E-mail the thesis statement to your instructor for final approval.